CalMatters https://calmatters.org/ California, explained Tue, 31 Dec 2024 04:46:21 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/cropped-favicon_2023_512-32x32.png CalMatters https://calmatters.org/ 32 32 163013142 Los aliados de Trump advierten a los líderes de California que podrían ir a prisión por las leyes de ciudades santuario https://calmatters.org/calmatters-en-espanol/2024/12/america-first-organizaciones-carta-ciudad-santuario-san-diego-deportaciones/ Tue, 31 Dec 2024 01:10:00 +0000 https://calmatters.org/?p=451875 A person in a gray colored suit at a podium labeled “ TEXT CALIFORNIA TO 8802 TRUMP VANCE” talking into a microphone on a stage. Behind them is a crowd of people, with one person holding a blue sign with the number 47 on it.Una organización conservadora liderada por el asesor de Trump, Stephen Miller, envió cartas a los líderes de California advirtiendo sobre "graves consecuencias" por las políticas de santuario que protegen a los residentes indocumentados.]]> A person in a gray colored suit at a podium labeled “ TEXT CALIFORNIA TO 8802 TRUMP VANCE” talking into a microphone on a stage. Behind them is a crowd of people, with one person holding a blue sign with the number 47 on it.

Lea esta historia en Español

La frontera sur de California, durante mucho tiempo la “zona cero” de la lucha entre funcionarios federales y locales sobre la política de inmigración, está ahora en el centro de una renovada controversia sobre hasta dónde pueden llegar los líderes locales para proteger a las personas de la deportación. 

Después de que el condado de San Diego tomó medidas a principios de este mes para fortalecer las salvaguardas para los residentes indocumentados, una organización liderada por el asesor del presidente electo Donald Trump, Stephen Miller, envió una carta advirtiendo que los líderes electos y los empleados de las jurisdicciones “santuario” podrían ser “penalmente responsables” si impiden la aplicación de la ley federal de inmigración.

En la Carta del 23 de diciembre, America First Legal Foundation escribió: “Hemos identificado al condado de San Diego como una jurisdicción santuario que está violando la ley federal”. 

Ese mismo día, la organización jurídica conservadora sin fines de lucro anunció que había identificado a 249 funcionarios electos en jurisdicciones santuario que, según dijo, podrían enfrentar “consecuencias legales” por las políticas de inmigración. La oficina del Fiscal General de California y la alcaldesa de Los Ángeles, Karen Bass, recibieron cartas similares.  

La carta también sugiere que los funcionarios de la ciudad santuario podrían ser civilmente responsables bajo las leyes federales contra el crimen organizado. 

Luego de que Trump se comprometiera a llevar a cabo “la mayor campaña de deportación masiva en la historia de Estados Unidos”, la junta de supervisores de San Diego promulgó el 12 de diciembre una política que prohíbe a las fuerzas de seguridad locales comunicarse con las autoridades de inmigración sobre personas indocumentadas en cárceles locales sin una orden judicial. 

La ordenanza recientemente promulgada en San Diego va un paso más allá de la ley de “santuario” estatal vigente en California, que sólo limita la cooperación entre las fuerzas de seguridad locales y el Servicio de Inmigración y Control de Aduanas (ICE) federal. La ley impide a los carceleros notificar al ICE sobre reclusos no ciudadanos que están a punto de ser liberados de la custodia penal local a menos que hayan cometido uno de los aproximadamente 800 delitos graves. Los funcionarios de prisiones estatales se comunican regularmente con el ICE sobre las personas bajo su custodia, incluidos los ciudadanos estadounidenses, según muestran los registros públicos. 

La acción del condado de San Diego enfrentó un rechazo inmediato, y la principal funcionaria policial del condado, la sheriff Kelly Martínez, dijo que no seguiría la nueva política y que continuaría permitiendo que las autoridades de inmigración accedan a los reclusos de la cárcel.

La carta de la American First Legal Foundation envió su carta a la presidenta de la Junta de Supervisores del Condado de San Diego, Nora Vargas, quien renunció a su cargo el viernes citando preocupaciones de seguridad apenas unas semanas después de ser elegida para un segundo mandato.  

“La ley federal es clara: los extranjeros que se encuentran ilegalmente en Estados Unidos están sujetos a ser expulsados ​​del país, y es un delito ocultarlos, albergarlos o protegerlos. También es un delito impedir que los funcionarios federales apliquen la ley de inmigración”, afirma la carta, fechada tres días después de la renuncia. 

Nora Vargas habla en el escenario durante la Marcha de las Mujeres en San Diego el 19 de enero de 2019. Foto de Daniel Knighton, Getty Images

Vargas remitió las preguntas sobre la carta a un portavoz, que no hizo comentarios de inmediato. Vargas, quien nació en Tijuana, ha defendido durante mucho tiempo los derechos de los solicitantes de asilo y los inmigrantes. Fue la primera inmigrante y latina en formar parte de la junta de supervisores de San Diego. Fue elegida para la junta en 2020, cambiando el escaño de republicano a demócrata por primera vez en décadas. 

Los portavoces del equipo de transición de Trump no respondieron de inmediato a las preguntas sobre si la administración planea procesar a los funcionarios locales en las ciudades santuario.

California prepara batallas legales con la administración Trump

Los funcionarios estatales han pedido a la Legislatura, en una sesión especial convocada por el gobernador Gavin Newsom el mes pasado, 25 millones de dólares para luchas legales con la administración entrante en temas que incluyen la inmigración.

“Esta es una táctica de miedo, simple y llanamente”, se lee en una declaración de la oficina del Fiscal General Rob Bonta, en respuesta a la carta de America First. “Si bien no podemos comentar los detalles de la carta, queremos ser claros: la SB 54 fue confirmada por los tribunales durante la primera administración de Trump, y evita el uso de recursos estatales y locales para la aplicación de la ley federal de inmigración con ciertas excepciones limitadas. Sin embargo, la SB 54 no hace nada para impedir que las agencias federales lleven a cabo la aplicación de la ley de inmigración por sí mismas. California seguirá cumpliendo con todas las leyes estatales y federales aplicables, y esperamos que todas las agencias locales de aplicación de la ley hagan lo mismo”. 

El estado alberga varias ciudades importantes con políticas que limitan la cooperación entre la policía local y las autoridades federales de inmigración. Los defensores dicen que esas políticas hacen que los inmigrantes tengan menos miedo a la deportación cuando denuncian delitos o cooperan con la policía. Los Ángeles adoptó una ordenanza de ciudad santuario en noviembre, acelerando la aplicación de la política después de la elección de Trump.  

Cuando se le pidió un comentario sobre la carta de America First, Zach Seidl, portavoz de la alcaldesa de Los Ángeles, Karen Bass, la calificó de “incorrecta para la seguridad pública y errónea para la ley”.

“Las políticas de santuario son contrarias a la ley, son una burla a los principios democráticos de Estados Unidos y demuestran una falta de respeto escandalosa por nuestra Constitución y nuestros ciudadanos. Los funcionarios a cargo de las jurisdicciones santuario no tienen excusa y deben rendir cuentas”, se lee en una declaración de James Rogers, asesor principal de America First Legal. 

Trump atacó las ciudades santuario de California antes

La propia ley del santuario del estado, firmada por el entonces gobernador Jerry Brown en 2017, limita las transferencias de detenidos por parte de los alguaciles locales a la custodia de las autoridades federales de inmigración y también prohíbe a la policía preguntar a las personas sobre su estatus migratorio. Esa ley, el Proyecto de Ley Senatorial 54, contiene una excepción para las prisiones estatales, que transfieren regularmente a los ex reclusos que han cumplido sus sentencias al Servicio de Inmigración y Control de Aduanas para que inicien los procedimientos de deportación. 

Los asesores de Trump, entre ellos Miller, han estado considerando la posibilidad de utilizar la presión federal, como la retención de fondos federales, contra las jurisdicciones que no cooperen con las autoridades federales de inmigración. La última administración Trump intentó que se revocara la ley de santuario de California en un tribunal federal, pero la Corte Suprema se negó en 2020 a escuchar su petición. Y en 2018, el Departamento de Seguridad Nacional de Trump presentó cargos penales contra los políticos de las ciudades que promulgan políticas de santuario. No presentó cargos.

“Las jurisdicciones denominadas ‘santuario’ que prohíben el cumplimiento de la ley federal de inmigración y la cooperación con los funcionarios que la hacen cumplir están, por lo tanto, violando la ley. Además, las jurisdicciones santuario tienen estrictamente prohibido exigir a sus empleados que violen la ley federal de inmigración”, afirma la carta de America First. 

Los migrantes llegan al Centro de Tránsito de Iris Avenue luego de ser dejados por agentes de la Patrulla Fronteriza en San Diego el 25 de febrero de 2024. Foto de Adriana Heldiz, CalMatters

Pero Ahilan Arulanantham, codirector del Centro de Derecho y Política de Inmigración de la Facultad de Derecho de la UCLA, dijo que el razonamiento de la carta de que las políticas de santuario equivalen a “albergar” u ocultar a fugitivos federales es erróneo. 

“No preguntar sobre el estado de alguien no es ocultar su identidad. Tampoco lo es negarse a compartir esa información”, dijo Arulanantham en un mensaje de texto el viernes. “No tengo conocimiento de ninguna protección penal basada en esa conducta, y la carta no cita ninguna”.

Para llevar a cabo su plan de deportar a más personas que cualquier otro presidente, Trump necesitará la cooperación de los funcionarios locales. El Centro de Recursos Legales para Inmigrantes, una organización nacional sin fines de lucro que brinda capacitación legal y realiza trabajo de políticas a favor de los inmigrantes en California y Texas, estima que entre el 70 y el 75% de los arrestos del ICE en el interior de Estados Unidos son transferencias de otra agencia de aplicación de la ley, como cárceles locales o prisiones estatales o federales. Desde 2019, el sistema penitenciario estatal de California ha entregado a ICE a más de 5,700 inmigrantes que habían estado encarcelados, según muestran los datos federales. 

San Diego fue el epicentro de una oleada de cruces no autorizados a principios de este año, lo que agotó los recursos locales. En abril, 37,370 personas cruzaron entre los puertos de entrada en el sector de San Diego, y la mayoría se entregó a la Patrulla Fronteriza para solicitar asilo. Esto lo convirtió en el primer lugar de cruces en el país durante algunas semanas en 2024, según datos federales. El número de cruces no autorizados se redujo drásticamente después de que la administración Biden implementara nuevas restricciones de asilo en junio.

Este artículo fue publicado originalmente en inglés por CalMatters.

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Las escuelas siguen recuperándose gracias a la afluencia de fondos: resumen del año 2024 https://calmatters.org/calmatters-en-espanol/2024/12/escuelas-fodos-asistencia-resultados-examenes-california-estudiantes-pandemia/ Mon, 30 Dec 2024 13:35:00 +0000 https://calmatters.org/?p=451884 A student wearing a black and red sweater raises their hand among other students also raising their hands during class.La asistencia y los resultados de los exámenes han mejorado en las escuelas de California, pero el próximo año puede ser más desafiante. ]]> A student wearing a black and red sweater raises their hand among other students also raising their hands during class.

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Los estudiantes de California continuaron recuperándose de la pandemia en 2024: los puntajes de los exámenes aumentaron levemente, las tasas de graduación mejoraron y las tasas de disciplina disminuyeron. Quizás lo más importante fue que más estudiantes se presentaron a clase. El ausentismo crónico se disparó a raíz de los cierres de escuelas relacionados con el COVID-19, y alcanzó un máximo del 30% hace dos años. Pero este año, esa cifra se redujo al 19%, casi el doble de la tasa anterior a la pandemia, pero una gran mejora para las escuelas que habían tenido dificultades para atraer a los estudiantes de regreso al campus.   

Gran parte de las mejoras en el rendimiento de los estudiantes se pueden atribuir a las fuertes inversiones del gobierno estatal y federal. California gastó miles de millones en tutorías, programas extraescolares, consejeros, escuelas de verano y otros programas destinados a ayudar a los estudiantes a recuperarse académica y emocionalmente de la pandemia. 

“Estamos logrando que los estudiantes regresen a la escuela, preparando a más de ellos para la universidad y la vida profesional, y graduándolos en mayor número”, dijo Linda Darling-Hammond, presidenta de la Junta Estatal de Educación. “Pero será de vital importancia continuar con las iniciativas e inversiones con visión de futuro realizadas en los últimos años para que sigan dando frutos en los próximos años”.

Una de las inversiones más importantes se realizó a través de la Proposición 28, que aporta más de mil millones de dólares anuales a las escuelas para la educación artística. Después de décadas de recortes, la educación artística volvió a ser el centro de atención el año pasado, cuando las escuelas lanzaron programas de teatro, lecciones de música y danza, artes visuales y mediáticas y otras iniciativas creativas. 

Pero esa podría ser una de las únicas fuentes de financiación seguras, ya que se avecina una incertidumbre presupuestaria. Las subvenciones de ayuda para la pandemia expiraron en 2024, y es probable que las escuelas vean disminuir sus ingresos a medida que se reduzca la matrícula en muchas partes de California. Eso podría provocar una ola de cierres de escuelas, especialmente en áreas urbanas.

Las escuelas recibieron buenas noticias en noviembre cuando los votantes aprobaron la Proposición 2, un bono de 10 mil millones de dólares para reparaciones y mejoras escolares muy necesarias. Aunque favorece a los distritos más ricos en detrimento de los distritos rurales y de menores ingresos, el dinero será un salvavidas para los distritos plagados de aires acondicionados rotos, amianto, tuberías de plomo, cableado eléctrico inseguro y otros peligros. 

perspectivas 2025

Las escuelas de California se adaptarán a los cambios políticos a nivel federal, incluida la posible eliminación del Departamento de Educación de Estados Unidos. Si eso sucede, las escuelas probablemente verán cambios en la educación especial, la recopilación de datos, la prohibición de la discriminación por motivos de género en las escuelas y la financiación para estudiantes de bajos ingresos. El presidente electo Donald Trump también ha apoyado los vales para que los padres envíen a sus hijos a escuelas privadas, lo que ha sido impopular en California pero puede surgir como un problema nacional, junto con los ataques al llamado plan de estudios “despierto”.

También es probable que los derechos de los estudiantes transgénero sean un punto de conflicto en 2025, ya que se espera que la administración Trump tome medidas represivas contra los distritos escolares que protegen a los estudiantes que se identifican con un género distinto al que se les asignó al nacer. Y si el gobierno federal sigue adelante con las deportaciones masivas, las escuelas de California podrían sufrir importantes trastornos. Se estima que 100,000 estudiantes de primaria y preparatoria en California son indocumentados, y casi la mitad de todos los estudiantes tienen al menos un padre inmigrante.

Este artículo fue publicado originalmente por CalMatters.

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Los trabajadores de emergencia están enfrentando más ataques pero una nueva ley aumentará sanciones para agresores https://calmatters.org/calmatters-en-espanol/2024/12/trabajadores-urgencias-ataques-ley-sanciones-penas-agresiones-salud/ Mon, 30 Dec 2024 13:35:00 +0000 https://calmatters.org/?p=451888 Una nueva ley de California impone penas más severas por agredir a trabajadores de salas de emergencia. Responde a los crecientes ataques a trabajadores de la salud, a pesar de las preocupaciones de los progresistas y los defensores de la reforma penitenciaria]]>

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Aquellos que ataquen físicamente a médicos, enfermeras y otros trabajadores de servicios de urgencias en California se enfrentarán a penas más severas en 2025 gracias a una nueva ley.

En septiembre, el gobernador Gavin Newsom firmó el Proyecto de Ley 977, que aumentó las penas de seis meses a un año de cárcel para aquellos condenados por agredir a los trabajadores de las salas de emergencia de los hospitales de California.

El autor del proyecto de ley fue el asambleísta Freddy Rodríguez, quien pasó 30 años como técnico médico de emergencia en el Valle de San Gabriel. 

Rodríguez, un demócrata cuyo mandato termina en 2024, dijo que se sintió obligado a presentar la legislación después de ver a muchos de sus amigos y ex colegas atacados en el trabajo. Consideraba que debían implementarse sanciones más severas para desalentar futuros ataques. 

Este año, cuando expuso su caso ante los legisladores, testificó que su hija, Desirae, técnica respiratoria, había sido atacada recientemente en su trabajo. Otros trabajadores de la salud testificaron que ellos también habían sido atacados. 

Una encuesta reciente muestra que no están solos. Una encuesta del Colegio Estadounidense de Médicos de Urgencias reveló que más del 90% de los médicos de urgencias afirmaron haber sido atacados durante el último año.

Aunque el proyecto de ley terminó siendo aprobado por una abrumadora mayoría, algunos demócratas progresistas votaron en contra o no votaron a favor de la propuesta, lo que cuenta lo mismo que un voto en contra. Ellos, junto con los defensores de la reforma penitenciaria y la Asociación de Defensores Públicos de California, argumentaron que aumentar las penas no disuade el crimen y que muchos de los que atacan a los trabajadores de urgencias son enfermos mentales. Señalaron que las leyes vigentes ya prohibían las agresiones.

El exgobernador Jerry Brown, quien enfrentó una orden de la Corte Suprema de Estados Unidos para reducir la población carcelaria del estado, había vetado un proyecto de ley idéntico de Rodríguez en 2015.

La Asociación Médica de California, el grupo de presión de los médicos de California, se alegró de que Newsom no hiciera lo mismo.

“Gracias al gobernador Newsom, al asambleísta Rodríguez y a la Legislatura por respaldar a los trabajadores de la salud en todo el estado”, dijo la presidenta de la asociación, la doctora Tanya Spirtos, en una declaración después de que Newsom firmara el proyecto de ley.

Este artículo fue publicado originalmente por CalMatters.

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Schools continue to rebound, thanks to influx of funding: 2024 year in review https://calmatters.org/education/k-12-education/2024/12/k-12-2024-review/ Mon, 30 Dec 2024 13:30:00 +0000 https://calmatters.org/?p=451664 A student wearing a black and red sweater raises their hand among other students also raising their hands during class.Attendance and test scores are up in California schools, but next year may be more challenging. ]]> A student wearing a black and red sweater raises their hand among other students also raising their hands during class.

In summary

Attendance and test scores are up in California schools, but next year may be more challenging.

Lea esta historia en Español

California students continued to recover from the pandemic in 2024, with test scores inching upward, graduation rates improving and discipline rates falling. Perhaps most importantly, more students showed up for class. Chronic absenteeism soared in the wake of COVID-19-related school closures, peaking at 30% two years ago. But this year, that number dropped to 19% — still almost twice the pre-pandemic rate, but a vast improvement for schools that had struggled to lure students back to campus.   

Much of the improvements in student performance can be attributed to heavy investments from the state and federal government. California spent billions on tutoring, after-school programs, counselors, summer school and other programs meant to help students rebound academically and emotionally from the pandemic. 

“We’re getting students back to school, getting more of them prepared for college and careers, and graduating them in greater numbers,” said Linda Darling-Hammond, president of the State Board of Education. “But it will be critically important to continue the forward-thinking initiatives and investments made in recent years so that they will continue to pay dividends in the coming years.”

One of the more significant investments was made through Proposition 28, which brings more than $1 billion annually to schools for arts education. After decades of cutbacks, arts education was once again in the spotlight last year, as schools rolled out theater programs, music and dance lessons, visual and media arts and other creative endeavors. 

But that might be one of the only funding sources that’s safe, as budget uncertainty looms. Pandemic relief grants expired in 2024, and schools are likely to see their revenues decline as enrollment shrinks in many parts of California. That could lead to a wave of school closures, especially in urban areas.

Schools got some good news in November when voters passed Proposition 2, a $10 billion bond for much-needed school repairs and upgrades. Although it favors wealthier districts over lower-income and rural districts, the money will be a lifeline for districts plagued with broken air conditioners, asbestos, lead pipes, unsafe electrical wiring and other hazards. 

2025 outlook

California schools will be adapting to political changes at the federal level, including the possible elimination of the U.S. Department of Education. If that happens, schools would likely see changes to special education, data collection, the ban on gender-based discrimination in schools and funding for low-income students. President-elect Donald Trump has also supported vouchers for parents to send their children to private schools, which has been unpopular in California but may surface as a national issue, along with attacks on so-called “woke” curriculum.

The rights of transgender students is also likely to be a flashpoint in 2025, as the Trump administration is expected to crack down on school districts that protect students who identify as a gender other than what they were assigned at birth. And if the federal government moves ahead with mass deportations, California schools could see major disruptions. An estimated 100,000 K-12 students in California are undocumented, and almost half of all students have at least one immigrant parent.

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California colleges 2024 year in review: Mass protests, hundreds of arrests and budget uncertainty https://calmatters.org/education/2024/12/higher-education-2024-review/ Mon, 30 Dec 2024 13:30:00 +0000 https://calmatters.org/?p=451667 Student graduates walk through the aisles to receive their degrees at the Fresno State Chicano/Latino Commencement Celebration in the Save Mart Center in Fresno on May 18, 2024. Photo by Larry Valenzuela, CalMatters/CatchLight LocalCalifornia’s college students had a year for the history books, as they contended with major strikes, mass protests, the arrest of hundreds of peers and major setbacks in their bid to apply for financial aid. ]]> Student graduates walk through the aisles to receive their degrees at the Fresno State Chicano/Latino Commencement Celebration in the Save Mart Center in Fresno on May 18, 2024. Photo by Larry Valenzuela, CalMatters/CatchLight Local

In summary

California’s college students had a year for the history books, as they contended with major strikes, mass protests, the arrest of hundreds of peers and major setbacks in their bid to apply for financial aid.

What was the state of higher education this past year? In a word, upheaval.

California’s colleges and universities were home to paroxysms of faculty and student fury over pay, free speech, the war in Gaza and the deep wounds of antisemitism and Islamophobia.

And like the 1960s — another era of campus protest that ended with the narrow victory of a conservative politician riding a wave of cultural resentment — California’s public universities became national poster children for that social upheaval.

But 2024 was also a financially propitious time for California’s nearly 150 public colleges and universities. While lawmakers swung a cost-cutting scythe at the expenses of most public agencies to address a huge budget shortfall, they spared higher ed, growing public funding for those institutions. They also poured more money into student financial aid, though not as much as some advocates and lawmakers wanted

Here’s a brief timeline of the major events in California higher education in 2024:

  • California State University faculty strikes, January — The faculty union for the first time in its history went on a systemwide strike over wages and benefits. The plan was to strike all week, but the labor walkout ended the day it began after union leaders got most of what they wanted, including wage increases of 10%

2025 outlook

How will Donald Trump’s second go as president affect college funding and student life? With control of Congress, Washington may target Biden-era loan forgiveness programs, affecting many borrowers in California. Trump’s stated desire for mass deportations would be perilous for California students — either those who are themselves undocumented or have parents or relatives who are. Meanwhile,Cal State is eyeing budget shortfalls if lawmakers follow through on their promises to cut spending. That could mean class cuts, fewer new students and less money to improve graduation rates.

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Waiting in silence: How California’s first media center inside a women’s prison came to life https://calmatters.org/commentary/2024/12/womens-prison-media-center-paper-trail/ Mon, 30 Dec 2024 13:30:00 +0000 https://calmatters.org/?p=451767 A small group of individuals sits around a table in a classroom-like environment, engaged in discussion and reviewing printed materials. A banner on the wall reads "Central California Women's Facility Media Center." Behind the participants, computer monitors are arranged on desks. The atmosphere appears collaborative and focused, with participants exchanging ideas and referencing documents.The creation this year of a media center inside the Central California Women’s Facility, which culminated in the launch of the Paper Trail, has finally given a voice to the women who have long been an afterthought in the state's prison system.]]> A small group of individuals sits around a table in a classroom-like environment, engaged in discussion and reviewing printed materials. A banner on the wall reads "Central California Women's Facility Media Center." Behind the participants, computer monitors are arranged on desks. The atmosphere appears collaborative and focused, with participants exchanging ideas and referencing documents.

Guest Commentary written by

Jesse Vasquez

Jesse Vasquez

Jesse Vasquez is the executive director of Pollen Initiative, a California-based nonprofit organization dedicated to cultivating media centers inside prisons.

When I entered the adult prison system in the early 2000s, there were a little more than 163,000 people incarcerated in California. I was just another one that had taken on a prison number — a letter with five digits — so the system could track me. Something happens when you start identifying as a number instead of your name. You take on an abstract identity, a flattened one.

I remember the day I had to think deeply about this identity. As editor-in-chief of the prisoner-run San Quentin News, I responded to the mail the paper received from all over the state prison system. I filtered through complaints about our publication, grievances against the state and many good prison stories. There were writers of persuasion and eloquence. 

But the letters that took my breath — and sleep — away were the letters from incarcerated women. One that haunted me ended with, “I know it doesn’t matter because I’m just another number.”

Before I joined the newspaper, I had lived in silence. It’s hard to imagine you aren’t just a data point when every study about prison populations presents you as a statistical outcome of a few societal ills. But for the women, it was even easier for them to think they didn’t matter. Back then, in 2017, women made up barely 4% of the state’s prison population. 

It’s easy to lose 4% out of 163,000 people. They were overshadowed by what the majority of the prison population — men — needed. They got the remnants. It weighed heavily on me that we so easily lumped their issues in with ours and thought that we had done them justice.

There’s no training to help you confront the disparities that you’re exposed to as a prison newspaper editor. Until reading those letters, I hadn’t understood why women said “you’re privileged to be a man and can’t understand what it’s like to be a woman in the world.” I grew up as a Mexican machista. I was prideful. My father always told me, “Los hombres no lloran, mijo.” So I never cried. I didn’t want to, either.

But something happened when I read the women’s stories. Every time I opened an envelope with wrinkled up paper and smudgy faded blue lines, I’d fold it up and put it away to read later in my cell. I felt like I owed them privacy while I read their heartache.

“Dear San Quentin News, you write about all the good stuff you have but we don’t have nothing. I don’t know how to say it but life is hard in here and I can’t do nothing about it.”

“Dear editor, we don’t get visits here. Can you help us get the word out?”

There’s only so much I could do as a newspaper editor. After all, we weren’t a pen pal service or a resource hub.

What do you do when you come across, “San Quentin News, we need you to say something about the shit they doing to us. A lot of girls are depressed and committing suicide.” 

I did what any normal man with multiple life sentences would do to cope: I made a promise that if I ever had the chance to make a difference for them I would. They would have a voice. They would have their own media. 

Always waiting for something

After Gov. Jerry Brown commuted my sentence, I felt the weight of my promise and the energy that comes from infinite possibilities. The fantasy of a media center inside the Central California Women’s Facility in Chowchilla felt within reach.

Read More: California to expand re-entry programs for formerly incarcerated individuals. Here’s how they work

It started with cold calls in 2022, but started taking shape a year later when Lt. Monique Williams, the new CCWF public information officer, responded and we talked about starting a journalism guild. She said they’d love to have a meeting to discuss what I was proposing. The CCWF administration was excited. They figured it would be great for the population to have a platform to share their stories and news they could use.

After a site visit to gauge interest and meet with the Inmate Advisory Council, which included Amber Bray, Kristin Rossum, Simaima Oufai and Nora Igova, an inquisitive group I thought would make great journalists, the next eight months presented new challenges. I spent hours ironing out logistics, convincing people that this was a great idea even if it was hours away from our homebase in the Bay Area, getting advice from our donors and board of directors about expanding our projects, and communicating with CCWF administration about next steps. 

The hardest part about implementing a media center inside of an institution is waiting. We’re always waiting for something: equipment to get approved, lists to get updated, clearance memos to get printed and the thumbs up from upstairs to move forward.

In the early days of spring this year, I got a call from the women’s facility PIO. She was excited to share that we were clear to move ahead, immediately. 

‘We’re going to finally have a voice’

On March 25, what had taken months of planning and meetings came into physical fruition in a matter of three hours. I felt like an interior designer when our team went in to set up the classroom, computers, workstations and decorations. We transformed an empty, gray-colored classroom into the CCWF Media Center.

A group of people sits around tables in a classroom-like setting, engaging in discussion and taking notes. A person stands at the front of the room, holding papers, as they lead the session. Behind them, a banner reads "Central California Women's Facility Media Center." Computer monitors are visible on desks along the back wall, and the atmosphere appears focused and collaborative.
A journalism guild class session taught by Pollen Initiative Editorial Director Kate McQueen during the summer of 2024 at the California Correctional Women’s Facility Media Center. Photo by the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation

We participated that same day in a grand opening ceremony with our volunteers, the participants and the administration. Everyone was eager to get inside. 

I walked around eavesdropping and smiling. We had 24 participants and another 20 incarcerated guests attending the reveal, and they were ecstatic. 

Too many times I overheard, “We’re finally gonna have a voice.” I was emotionally overwhelmed.

Bray, Igova, Rossum and some of the other participants had been incarcerated for decades. I watched as they brought their stories and the historical context of their institution into the discussion about the paper’s name. They bantered, discussed, proposed and rejected many good ideas until they settled on the need to leave a paper trail, so that posterity would remember them. And they wanted to encourage their community. 

I couldn’t have been more proud when they said CCWF Paper Trail would amplify voices to empower choices. The tagline was born.

A group of people poses for a photo inside a room with a banner that reads "Central California Women's Facility Media Center." Most individuals are holding blue notebooks and are smiling at the camera. The group includes individuals wearing a mix of casual and uniform-style clothing, standing and seated closely together, reflecting a sense of camaraderie and celebration.
The first journalism guild cohort on the day of the media center’s opening at the California Correctional Women’s Facility Media Center on March 25, 2024. Photo by the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation

Their desire to chronicle the stories of their community and share vital information is exactly what local journalism is about. The advisory council already believed in civic engagement. Their jobs involved informing their peers about laws, policies and administrative changes that were coming and how they would impact them, so they’ve been able to make a smooth transition into building out their broader platform. When the group nominated their editorial team, they chose the council chairperson, Bray, to be their first editor-in-chief. 

From her long history of documenting advisory council meeting minutes about the community’s affairs, Bray knows the importance of having a publication that would not just chronicle issues but preserve them. 

During the facility’s first graduation, she mentioned that there was a second-class citizen sentiment shared throughout the prison community because historically they had not been afforded the same programs or privileges as the men. But now, she said, “We are making history. We get to show the world who we are and what we are doing inside of CCWF. Our goal is to leave some very big shoes to fill by others that come after us.”

The Paper Trail is defining their identity as they build a legacy by empowering their community and recording their stories. With the start of the media center, California gets to see in real time the ripple effect that happens when people believe in you and give you a chance to remake yourself.

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Emergency room workers are facing more attacks. A new California law increases penalties https://calmatters.org/health/2024/12/emergency-room-workers-assaults-penalties-new-laws-2025/ Mon, 30 Dec 2024 13:30:00 +0000 https://calmatters.org/?p=451077 A new California law imposes harsher penalties for assaulting emergency room workers. It responds to rising attacks on health care workers, despite concerns from progressives and prison-reform advocates]]>

In summary

A new California law imposes harsher penalties for assaulting emergency room workers. It responds to rising attacks on health care workers, despite concerns from progressives and prison-reform advocates

Lea esta historia en Español

Those who physically attack doctors, nurses and other emergency department workers in California face harsher penalties in 2025 thanks to a new law.

In September, Gov. Gavin Newsom signed Assembly Bill 977, which increased penalties from six months to a year in jail for those convicted of assaulting California’s hospital emergency room workers.

The bill’s author was Assemblymember Freddie Rodriguez, who spent 30 years as an emergency medical technician in the San Gabriel Valley. 

Rodriguez, a Democrat whose term ended in 2024, said he was compelled to introduce the legislation after seeing too many of his friends and former colleagues attacked on the job. He felt that there needed to be tougher penalties to discourage future attacks. 

As he made his case to lawmakers this year, he testified that his daughter, Desirae, a respiratory technician, was recently assaulted on the job. Other health care workers testified that they too had been attacked. 

Recent polling shows they’re hardly alone. A poll from the American College of Emergency Physicians found that more than 90% of ER doctors said they’d been attacked within the last year.

Though the bill ended up passing overwhelmingly, some progressive Democrats either voted against or didn’t vote for the proposal which counts the same as a “no” vote. They, along with prison reform advocates and the California Public Defenders Association, argued that increasing penalties doesn’t deter crime and that many of those assaulting ER workers are mentally ill. They noted that laws on the books already prohibited assault.

Former Gov. Jerry Brown, who faced a U.S. Supreme Court order to shrink the state’s prison population, had vetoed an identical bill from Rodriguez in 2015.

The California Medical Association, the lobbying group for California’s physicians, was glad Newsom didn’t do the same.

“Thank you Governor Newsom, Assemblymember Rodriguez, and the Legislature for having the backs of health care workers across the state,” the association’s president, Dr. Tanya Spirtos, said in a statement after Newsom signed the bill.

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Encampment sweeps become widespread: 2024 California homelessness year in review https://calmatters.org/housing/homelessness/2024/12/california-homelessness-2024-review/ Mon, 30 Dec 2024 13:30:00 +0000 https://calmatters.org/?p=451661 Many California cities cracked down on homeless encampments after a Supreme Court ruling gave them the green light to arrest people. ]]>

In summary

Many California cities cracked down on homeless encampments after a Supreme Court ruling gave them the green light to arrest people.

2024 was the year California cracked down on homeless encampments. 

Fed up with tents taking up sidewalks, parks and vacant lots, officials throughout the state ramped up efforts to remove camps – sometimes even resorting to arresting people for illegal camping. 

The biggest shift came in June with the Grants Pass v. Johnson Supreme Court ruling, which gives cities new authority to arrest, cite and fine people for sleeping outside in public places – even if there is no shelter available. Gov. Gavin Newsom quickly followed the ruling with an order of his own: He demanded state agencies clear homeless encampments, and urged cities to do the same or risk losing out on state funding.

California cities were quick to react. A little more than two months after the court ruling, more than two dozen cities and counties had passed or proposed new ordinances banning camping, or updated existing ordinances to make them more punitive. Unhoused Californians, as well as the activists who fight for their rights, told CalMatters that sweeps had become more frequent and more aggressive.

As they ramped up sweeps, California cities used different strategies to relocate people displaced from homeless encampments. San Diego moved hundreds of people into sanctioned encampments. Los Angeles put people up in hotels

2024 also was the year where everyone promised greater accountability. An April audit found the state fails to track how much it spends on homelessness and which state-funded programs are successful. Following that scathing report, Newsom added new rules requiring cities and counties to better track outcomes when spending state homelessness dollars. He also promised to ramp up enforcement against cities and counties that don’t do their part, and in November, his administration sued the city of Norwalk for putting a moratorium on the construction of new homeless shelters .

Meanwhile, CalMatters crunched new data to show California’s homeless population increased to nearly 186,000 people in 2024 – up 8% from 2022.

2025 outlook

One thing to watch for in the upcoming year will be how the new administration under President-elect Donald Trump handles homelessness at the federal level. Homeless service providers throughout California rely on federal grants, and some operators worry their funding could get cut. 

But there is one issue where Trump and Newsom are more aligned than you might think: and that’s how to handle homeless encampments. Trump has promised to tackle encampments by working with states to ban urban camping and arrest people who don’t comply. But many cities in California already started doing that this year, and Newsom has urged local officials to crack down.

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Trump allies warn California leaders they could go to prison over sanctuary city laws https://calmatters.org/justice/2024/12/sanctuary-cities-san-diego-letter/ Sat, 28 Dec 2024 01:04:35 +0000 https://calmatters.org/?p=451843 A person in a gray colored suit at a podium labeled “ TEXT CALIFORNIA TO 8802 TRUMP VANCE” talking into a microphone on a stage. Behind them is a crowd of people, with one person holding a blue sign with the number 47 on it.A conservative organization led by Trump adviser Stephen Miller sent letters to California leaders warning of 'serious consequences' over sanctuary policies that protect undocumented residents. ]]> A person in a gray colored suit at a podium labeled “ TEXT CALIFORNIA TO 8802 TRUMP VANCE” talking into a microphone on a stage. Behind them is a crowd of people, with one person holding a blue sign with the number 47 on it.

In summary

A conservative organization led by Trump adviser Stephen Miller sent letters to California leaders warning of ‘serious consequences’ over sanctuary policies that protect undocumented residents.

Lea esta historia en Español

California’s southern border, long ‘ground zero’ in the fight between federal and local officials over immigration policy, is now at the center of renewed controversy over how far local leaders can go to protect people from deportation. 

After San Diego County took steps earlier this month to strengthen safeguards for undocumented residents, an organization led by President-elect Donald Trump’s adviser Stephen Miller sent a letter warning that elected leaders and employees of “sanctuary” jurisdictions could be “criminally liable” if they impede federal immigration enforcement.

In the Dec. 23 letter, America First Legal Foundation wrote: “We have identified San Diego County as a sanctuary jurisdiction that is violating federal law.” 

The conservative legal nonprofit that day announced that it had identified 249 elected officials in sanctuary jurisdictions who it said could face “legal consequences” over immigration policies. The California Attorney General’s office and Los Angeles Mayor Karen Bass were sent similar letters.  

The letter also suggests sanctuary city officials could be civilly liable under federal anti-racketeering laws. 

With Trump pledging to carry out the “largest mass deportation campaign in U.S. history,” San Diego’s board of supervisors enacted a policy on Dec. 12 prohibiting local law enforcement from communicating with immigration authorities about undocumented people in local jails without a judicial warrant. 

San Diego’s newly enacted ordinance goes a step further than California’s existing state “sanctuary” law, which only limits cooperation between local law enforcement and the federal Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE). The law prevents jailers from notifying ICE about non-citizen inmates who are about to be released from local criminal custody unless they committed one of about 800 serious crimes. State prison officials regularly communicate with ICE about people in their custody, including U.S. citizens, public records show. 

San Diego County’s action faced immediate pushback, with the county’s top law enforcement official, Sheriff Kelly Martinez, saying she would not follow the new policy and would continue allowing immigration authorities access to the jail inmates.

American First Legal Foundation sent its letter to the chair of San Diego County’s Board of Supervisors, Nora Vargas, who stepped down from her position on Friday citing security concerns just weeks after being elected to a second term.  

“Federal law is clear: aliens unlawfully present in the United States are subject to removal from the country, and it is a crime to conceal, harbor, or shield them. It is also a crime to prevent federal officials from enforcing immigration law,” states the letter, dated three days after the resignation. 

Nora Vargas speaks onstage at Women’s March San Diego on Jan. 19, 2019. Photo by Daniel Knighton, Getty Images

Vargas, who was born in Tijuana, has long championed rights for asylum seekers and immigrants. She was the first immigrant and Latina to serve on San Diego’s board of supervisors. She was elected to the board in 2020, flipping the seat from Republican to Democrat for the first time in decades.

Vargas said the new board policy was developed through “rigorous legal review and stands in full compliance with federal, state and local laws.” 

“This nation’s foundation was built on the strength and contributions of immigrants,” she posted on social media. “Now it’s time to turn our focus to honoring the humanity of those who help make this country the beacon of hope it continues to be.”  

Spokespersons for Trump’s transition team did not immediately respond to inquiries about whether the administration plans to prosecute local officials in sanctuary cities. Trump has named Miller to be his deputy chief of staff for policy and homeland security advisor.

State officials have asked the Legislature, in a special session called by Gov. Gavin Newsom last month, for $25 million for legal fights with the incoming administration on issues including immigration.

“This is a scare tactic, plain and simple,” read a statement from the Attorney General Rob Bonta’s office, in response to the America First letter. “While we are unable to comment on the specifics of the letter, we want to be clear: SB 54 was upheld by the courts during the first Trump administration, and it prevents the use of state and local resources for federal immigration enforcement with certain narrow exceptions. SB 54 does nothing, however, to block federal agencies from conducting immigration enforcement themselves. California will continue to comply with all applicable state and federal laws, and we expect all local law enforcement agencies to do the same.” 

Democratic state Senate leader Mike McGuire, of Healdsburg, in response to the letters called the incoming administration’s proposed immigration policies “draconian” and damaging to California’s economy. 

“The previous Trump administration came at California before on a variety of legal fronts and the majority of the time, lost,” said McGuire, whose office did not receive a letter. “Mark my word, we’ll be prepared again.”

The state is home to several major cities with policies limiting cooperation between local police and federal immigration authorities. Proponents say such policies make immigrants less fearful of deportation when reporting crimes to or cooperating with the police. Los Angeles adopted a sanctuary city ordinance in November, fast-tracking the policy after Trump’s election.  

Asked for comment on the America First letter, Zach Seidl, a spokesperson for Los Angeles Mayor Karen Bass, called it “wrong on public safety and wrong on the law.”

“Sanctuary policies are against the law, make a mockery of America’s democratic principles, and demonstrate a shocking disrespect for our Constitution and our citizens. The officials in charge of sanctuary jurisdictions have no excuse and must be held accountable,” read a statement from James Rogers, a senior counsel with America First Legal. 

Trump targeted California sanctuary cities before

The state’s own sanctuary law, signed by then-Gov. Jerry Brown in 2017, curbs local sheriffs’ transfers of detainees to federal immigration custody and also prohibits police from asking people about their immigration status. That law, Senate Bill 54, contains an exception for state prisons, which regularly transfer ex-inmates who have completed their sentences to Immigration and Customs Enforcement for deportation proceedings. 

Trump advisers, including Miller, have been considering using federal pressure, such as withholding federal funds, against jurisdictions that won’t cooperate with federal immigration authorities. The last Trump administration tried to get the California sanctuary law overturned in federal court, but the Supreme Court in 2020 declined to hear its petition. And in 2018, Trump’s Department of Homeland Security floated criminal charges against politicians of cities that enact sanctuary policies. It did not file charges.

“So-called ‘sanctuary’ jurisdictions that forbid compliance with federal immigration law and cooperation with the officials who enforce it are, therefore, breaking the law. Moreover, sanctuary jurisdictions are strictly prohibited from requiring their employees to violate federal immigration law,” the America First letter states. 

Migrants arrive at the Iris Avenue Transit Center after being dropped off by Border Patrol agents in San Diego on Feb. 25, 2024. Photo by Adriana Heldiz, CalMatters

But Ahilan Arulanantham, co-director of the Center for Immigration Law and Policy at the UCLA School of Law, said the letter’s reasoning that sanctuary policies amount to “harboring” or concealing federal fugitives is flawed. 

“Not inquiring about someone’s status is not harboring. Neither is declining to share such information,” Arulanantham said in a text message Friday. “I’m not aware of any criminal protections based on such conduct, and the letter fails to cite any.”

To carry out his plan to deport more people than any other president, Trump will need the cooperation of local officials. Immigrant Legal Resource Center, a national nonprofit that provides legal training and does pro-immigrant policy work in California and Texas, estimates 70 to 75% of ICE arrests in the interior of the U.S. are handoffs from another law enforcement agency, such as local jails or state or federal prisons. Since 2019, California’s state prison system has delivered more than 5,700 formerly incarcerated immigrants to ICE, federal data shows. 

San Diego was the epicenter of a surge of unauthorized crossings earlier this year, straining local resources. In April, 37,370 people crossed between ports of entry in the San Diego sector, with the majority surrendering to Border Patrol to claim asylum. This made it the top spot for crossings in the country for a few weeks in 2024, according to federal data. The number of unauthorized crossings dropped sharply after the Biden administration implemented new asylum restrictions in June

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Batallas legales y problemas de financiación: Lo más destacado del año 2024 en materia de vivienda en California https://calmatters.org/calmatters-en-espanol/2024/12/viviendas-asequibles-fondos-presupuesto-prohibiciones-construcciones-personas-sin-hogar/ Fri, 27 Dec 2024 13:35:00 +0000 https://calmatters.org/?p=451826 New housing construction in a neighborhood on the outskirts of west Fresno on June 15, 2023. Photo by Larry Valenzuela, CalMatters/CatchLight LocalLos funcionarios de California continuaron luchando con las ciudades que no quieren construir más viviendas y todos lucharon por encontrar más dinero para pagar nuevas viviendas. ]]> New housing construction in a neighborhood on the outskirts of west Fresno on June 15, 2023. Photo by Larry Valenzuela, CalMatters/CatchLight Local

Read this story in English

En 2024, los legisladores de California cumplieron su promesa de impulsar la construcción de más viviendas y exigir responsabilidades a las ciudades que se resisten a crear viviendas asequibles. Pero encontrar dinero para pagar todas esas nuevas viviendas fue otra cuestión.

Los funcionarios estatales siguieron enfrentándose en los tribunales con Huntington Beach por la negativa de la ciudad del condado de Orange a planificar la construcción de miles de nuevas viviendas, parte del objetivo general de vivienda del estado. Llegaron a un acuerdo legal que obligó al suburbio de Sacramento de Elk Grove a aprobar más viviendas asequibles. Norwalk, una comunidad de clase media en el condado de Los Ángeles, se encontró demandada por el estado después de que su ayuntamiento aprobara una prohibición de los refugios para personas sin hogar y las viviendas de apoyo.

Los legisladores aprobaron proyectos de ley para fortalecer y aclarar el “ remedio del constructor ” del estado, una ley que da a los desarrolladores vía libre para construir proyectos más densos en ciudades cuyos planes de vivienda no han obtenido la aprobación estatal.

Sin embargo, como aparecen pocas fuentes nuevas de financiación estatal, la respuesta de algunos líderes locales ha sido: “Muéstreme el dinero”.

Los legisladores recortaron más de mil millones de dólares en gastos en programas de vivienda asequible este año para ayudar a cerrar un déficit presupuestario proyectado (aunque destinaron mil millones de dólares a los gobiernos locales para luchar contra la falta de vivienda) y descartaron los planes de poner una medida de bonos para la construcción de viviendas en la boleta de noviembre.

En el Área de la Bahía, una autoridad financiera local retiró de la votación en el último minuto un bono de vivienda de 20,000 millones de dólares en medio de preocupaciones de que no fuera aprobado. El dinero habría ayudado a los promotores de viviendas asequibles a cumplir con el objetivo impuesto por el estado de construir 180,000 viviendas para residentes de bajos ingresos para finales de la década. 

Y un programa estatal de 500 millones de dólares destinado a ayudar a los inquilinos y a los fideicomisos de tierras comunitarias a comprar edificios en dificultades y preservarlos como asequibles fue cancelado después de que el Departamento de Vivienda y Desarrollo Comunitario del estado no otorgara ninguna subvención durante tres años.

En las urnas, la iniciativa para ampliar la capacidad de las ciudades para promulgar un control local de los alquileres perdió ante una campaña bien financiada por los propietarios y los agentes inmobiliarios, que dijeron que la medida haría menos rentable construir nuevas viviendas multifamiliares. La AIDS Healthcare Foundation, una organización sin fines de lucro que ha sido el principal financiador de varias propuestas de control de alquileres en las urnas en California, sufrió una doble derrota cuando los votantes también aprobaron una medida que hará que sea más difícil para la organización financiar este tipo de campañas en el futuro.

Sin embargo, los inquilinos sí lograron una victoria: en enero entrará en vigor una nueva ley que les dará el doble de tiempo para responder a las notificaciones de desalojo. Y a partir de esta primavera, los propietarios de edificios de apartamentos nuevos construidos con créditos fiscales estatales para personas de bajos ingresos tendrán que limitar los aumentos de alquiler al 10% anual.

A medida que el año se acercaba a su fin, algunas ciudades sopesan importantes propuestas de rezonificación que facilitarían la construcción de viviendas multifamiliares en barrios ricos en recursos. El ayuntamiento de Los Ángeles aprobó un plan para permitir proyectos más densos en corredores comerciales y áreas que ya tienen edificios de apartamentos, al tiempo que exime en gran medida a los barrios unifamiliares, una medida que, según los críticos, deja a las áreas ricas libres de la obligación de construir su parte de viviendas. Berkeley tiene previsto decidir a principios del próximo año sobre un controvertido plan para permitir pequeños edificios de apartamentos en casi todos los barrios de la ciudad, incluidos aquellos en los que predominan las viviendas unifamiliares.

Perspectivas 2025

Los líderes de California tendrán que averiguar cómo financiar e incentivar la construcción y preservación de viviendas asequibles para cumplir sus objetivos sin los superávits presupuestarios que el estado disfrutaba anteriormente. Una gran incógnita es cómo las políticas de la administración entrante de Trump afectarán la crisis de vivienda del estado. El presidente electo Donald Trump se ha comprometido a aumentar los aranceles a los productos fabricados en el extranjero y deportar a un gran número de inmigrantes indocumentados, dos medidas que, según los expertos, paralizarían la construcción de viviendas. Su administración también podría reducir el apoyo federal o endurecer las normas de elegibilidad para la vivienda pública y los vales de la Sección 8, lo que enfrentaría a California con la elección de si cierra la brecha para los residentes que dependen de esa asistencia. Mientras tanto, el liderazgo dominado por los demócratas de California, dolido por la derrota electoral nacional de 2024, ha prometido nuevos esfuerzos para abordar el exorbitante costo de vida.

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